Kuisa chirongwa muUbuntu ibasa rakareruka. Ubuntu inowedzera zvirongwa zvakajairika nekutadza uye ine simba iro Linux inaro, zvisinei, kana tichida imwe yakasarudzika software, tinogona kuimisa nyore nekutevera matanho atiri kuzoratidza pazasi.
MuUbuntu, uye Linux zvakajairika, kusiyana nehuwandu hwesoftware yakaiswa muWindows, kazhinji hazvifanirwe kutsvaga chirongwa paInternet, kurodha uye kuisa akawanda maraibhurari anodiwa kuti ishande nemazvo. Tine marepositories (PPA) aripo, ari imhando yepakati pekuchengetedza iyo ine software yese uye inogara (zvinei) yakagadziridzwa. tinogonawo kuisa DEB mapakeji, kuti tichawana izvi painternet, iyo Canonical snap kana iyo Flatpak.
Pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuisa chirongwa muUbuntu. Tichazvipa kwauri kubva kubva pasi kusvika padanho repamusoro re «kuomarara».
Ubuntu Software
Iyo yakapfava uye yakanyanya intuitive nzira yezvese ndeye iyi application. Saizvozvo, Ubuntu Software (yaimbova Ubuntu Software Center) hachisi chinhu chinopfuura a Fork kubva kuGNOME Software yakagadzirirwa kukoshesa snap mapakeji. Muchitoro ichi tinogona kutsvaga chero rudzi rwepakeji, uye ichaonekwa kana iri mune yepamutemo Ubuntu repositories kana muSnapcraft, uko snap mapakeji anoiswa.
Kuti tiwane iyo tinofanirwa kudzvanya paUbuntu Software icon, iyo inowanzova padivi pepaneru. Ichi chishandiso chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvinoverengeka, zvese zvinowanikwa kubva kumusoro:
- Kuruboshwe kwezvose tine girazi rinokudza, kubva kwatinogona kutsvaga.
- Pakati tine zvikamu zve:
- Bhurawuza (nechitoro).
- Akaiswa maapplication, kwatichaona zvatakaisa, kunyangwe asiri ese mapakeji anooneka.
- Zvigadziriso, kwatichaona izvo zvave kuda kugadzirisa kana paine mapakeji matsva.
Nezve Ubuntu Software, zvinoita sekunge zvakakosha kwandiri kuti nditaure zvakare kuti ichitoro yakagadzirirwa kukoshesa snap packets. Zvizvarwa zveUbuntu maDEBs, ane snaps ari iwo ayo iwo ane musimboti software uye zvinoenderana. Idzo sarudzo, asi dzinogona kunge dzisiri dzatinoda. Kana tikasarudza kushandisa Ubuntu Software, isu tinofanirwa kutarisa iyo yekudonha-pasi menyu kumusoro kurudyi. Iko pano kwatichaona kana sarudzo iri muDEB vhezheni; nekusarudzika ichatipa iyo snap package. Izvo zvinoita kuti tifunge imwe nzira.
GNOME Software
Ndichaisa sei GNOME Software kana Ubuntu Software yakafanana uye yatoiswa kare? Zvakanaka, nokuti haisi, uye haisi pedyo nekuve. Ubuntu Software ine zvimwe zvinorambidzwa uye huzivi husina GNOME Software. Iyo yepamutemo Project GNOME chitoro inopa software pasina kukoshesa kana kuvanza chero chinhu, kana kana koshesa chimwe chinhu chichava DEB package sarudzo, iyo yeupenyu hwose. Chinhu chakaipa pamusoro pekutaura nezvesarudzo iyi pachinzvimbo chechipiri ndechekuti kuti tishandise isu tichafanirwa kuisa chitoro nenzira yekupedzisira, neiyo terminal, uye isu tichaendesa kugona kwayo kuzere nekuwedzera rutsigiro rweFlathub.
Kana tangoiisa, GNOME Software ingangoita kopi yeUbuntu Software (chaizvoizvo zvakangopesana). Isu tichatsvaga negirazi rinokudza, isu tichasarudza chirongwa, isu tichatarisa kwainobva uye isu tinya paInstall. Zviri nyore saizvozvi. Dambudziko chete nderekuti pasuru yacho hairatidze muUbuntu Software. Kana tikatsvaga "gnome software" inoita seyakaiswa, asi haina. Tinofanira kuimisa sezvatakatsanangura muchikamu chekoni.
Iyo Synaptic Package Maneja
Synaptic chirongwa chemberi kuiswa uye kubviswa kwezvikumbiro kupfuura Ubuntu Software. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, nharaunda ine graphical uye ine simba kwazvo, uye ine kutonga kwakazara pamusoro pezvishandiso zvakaiswa pane sisitimu, kutsamira kwavo uye akasiyana vhezheni emapakeji anogona kuiswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa. Kubva Ubuntu 12.04 Synaptic haina kuiswa nekutadza, uye kana tichida kuishandisa, unofanirwa kuiisa kubva kuUbuntu Software, uchitsvaga Synaptic, kana kubva kuchiteshi.
Kuti tivhure Synaptic isu tinodzvanya pane icon yegridi, kana isu tichadzvanya kiyi yeMeta, uye isu tichatsvaga. Synaptic. Nemaneja maneja isu tinokwanisa kuisa, kuisa patsva uye kubvisa mapakeji nenzira yakapusa yakajeka. Iyo Synaptic skrini, sezvauri kuona, yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina. Iwo maviri akakosha nderondedzero inosanganisira chikamu chechikamu (1) kuruboshwe uye chikamu chepakeji (3) kurudyi. Kusarudza pasuru kubva pane iyo chinyorwa kucharatidza rondedzero yacho (4).
Kuisa pasuru isu tinosarudza chikamu, tinya-kurudyi pane yaunoda package uye sarudza Maka kuisa kana isu tichadzvanya kaviri pazita repasuru. Tichamaka nenzira iyi ese mapakeji atinoda kuisa musystem uye tinya bhatani aplicar kuti kuiswa kwako kutange. Synaptic inotora chete mapakeji anodiwa kubva kune repositories painternet kana kubva kumidhiya yekuisa.
Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa bhatani kutsvaka kuwana mapakeji atinoda kuisa. Nekudzvanya pane iri bhatani tinogona kutsvaga zvirongwa nemazita kana tsananguro. Kana chirongwa chatinoda kuisa chavepo, tinopeta-peta pairi kuti chiiswe. Kana isu tichida kudzima chirongwa, chese chatinofanirwa kuita kudzvanya kurudyi pazviri uye sarudza Bvisa o Delete zvizere.
Muzviitiko zvese, shanduko dzinozoshanda kana isu tangobaya bhatani reApply
Iyo Synaptic package maneja, seUbuntu Software, inotarisira kugadzirisa pasuru zvinoenderana nega kuti mafomu ashande nemazvo. Nenzira imwecheteyo, zvinokwanisika kumisikidza iyo kuisa mapakeji akakurudzirwa ayo, pasina kudikanwa nechishandiso, anogona kuzadzisa mamwe mabasa ekuwedzera. Kana tichida kumisikidza hunhu uhu tinogona kuenda Setup > zvaunofarira, uye mune iyo tebhu General tarisa bhokisi Bata akakurudzirwa mapakeji sekuvimbika.
flatpak uye snap mapakeji
Sezvatakatsanangura, Ubuntu haitsigire flatpak mapakeji mushure mekuiswa patsva. Muchokwadi, Canonical haifarire zvakanyanya zano, uye yayo Ubuntu Software Iyo haitombotsigire flatpaks.; yakagadziridzwa kuitira kuti rutsigiro rurege kuwedzerwa kwairi, kana kuti kwete nenzira iri nyore yakambogovaniswa munharaunda yeLinux. Snap mapakeji anogona kuisirwa zvakananga kubva kuUbuntu Software, uye kuisirwa kwavo kwakapusa senge chero imwe package, kunyangwe ivo vanogona zvakare kuisirwa kubva kune terminal sezvatichatsanangura mune inotevera poindi.
Chinhu chakasiyana kana isu tichida kuisa flatpak mapakeji. Sezvatakatsanangura mukati ichi chinyorwa, kutanga tinofanira kuisa "flatpak" pasuru, ipapo "gnome-software", sezvo yepamutemo Ubuntu chitoro haavatsigire, ipapo plugin yeGNOME Software uyezve. wedzera Flathub repository. Paunotangazve, mapakeji e flatpak anoita senge sarudzo muGNOME Software, asi kwete kuUbuntu Software.
Nezvemhando iyi yemapakeji, ese ari maviri snap uye flatpak ane zvese zvinodiwa (software uye zvinoenderana) kuti chirongwa chishande. Chinhu chakanaka chavainacho ndechekuti ivo vanogadziridzwa nekukurumidza uye vanoshanda mune chero Linux kugovera, uye kutaura zvazviri kune zvimwe zvirongwa zvinongozviwana muFlathub (Flatpak) kana muSnapcraft (SNAP). Ivo isarudzo yekufunga nezvayo, asi kuve nezvose zvakakodzera kushandisa Gnome Software.
Kuburikidza neconsole
Parizvino taona iyo graphical nzira yekuisa zvirongwa muUbuntu. Tevere tichaona maitiro ekuita zvakafanana asi kuburikidza neiyo terminal. Kunyange zvazvo vashandisi vakawanda vakabviswa nezvose zvine chokuita ne "black screens", unofanira kuziva kuti nzira iyi haina kuoma zvachose. Pane kudaro, zviri nyore uye zviri nyore, uye zvechokwadi nekukurumidza.
Kuisa software paUbuntu neiyi nzira, chinhu chekutanga kuita kuvhura iyo terminal, zvine musoro. Tinogona kuzviita kubva pane grid icon kana nekudzvanya kiyi yeMeta uye kutsvaga "terminal", uye inovhurwa zvakare nekudzvanya Ctrl + Alt + T kiyi musanganiswa, chero nzira yekudimbudzira isati yashandurwa, kungave neiyo mushandisi kana nekuti Canonical saka inosarudza mune ramangwana. Kubva pane terminal, zvatinogona kuita ndezvekuti:
- Kuisa mapakeji:
sudo apt install nombre-del-paquete
- Isa akawanda mapakeji:
sudo apt install nombre-del-paquete1 nombre-del-paquete2 nombre-del-paquete3
- Uninstall mapakeji:
sudo apt remove nombre-del-paquete
- Uninstall pasuru uye ayo akabatana ekumisikidza mafaira:
sudo apt remove --purge nombre-del-paquete
- Gadziridza runyorwa rwemapakeji anowanikwa mune repository:
sudo apt update
- Gadziridza mapakeji ese akaiswa pakombuta:
sudo apt upgrade
- Isa snap package:
sudo snap install nombre-del-paquete
- Uninstall a snap package:
sudo snap remove nombre-del-paquete
- Gadziridza snap package:
sudo snap refresh
Kana tangoita murairo, sisitimu inogona kutibvunza kana isu tichida kuisa pasuru yatakasarudza uye iyo vamwe vanotsamira pairi, ichitiratidza zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sezita rayo rizere, vhezheni, kana saizi. Tichapindura zvine mutsindo tomirira kupedzisa kuisirwa.
.deb packages
Kana chimwe chinhu chatinoda kuisa chisipo muzvinyorwa zvepamutemo, kana se snap kana flatpak, zvingangoita kuti mugadziri wayo anochipa se .deb package. Semuenzaniso, kana tichida kuisa Vivaldi web browser, tinogona kutsvaga zvese zvatinoda muGNOME Software uye hazvizozviwana kunyangwe takagonesa rutsigiro rwe flatpak mapakeji. Sezvineiwo, inowanikwa mune zviri pamutemo Manjaro repositories, asi haisi mune mazhinji acho nekuti ine zvishoma zvezana (ini handiyeuke kana iri 4% kana 6%) inoenderana neiyo graphical interface isiri iyo. open source. Pakupedzisira, kana tichida kuisa Vivaldi paUbuntu tinofanira kuzviita tichishandisa .deb package.
Ngaive Vivaldi kana chero imwe chirongwa, isu tinogona kuisa iyo DEB package nekuidhawunirodha kubva kune yayo yepamutemo webhusaiti nekuiisa. Tinogona kuzviita nenzira dzakasiyana:
- Tinya kaviri woiisa kuti irege kuvavhura. Ubuntu Software inogona kuvhura.
- Kurudyi tinya uye sarudza "Software Kuiswa", iyo inovhura GNOME Software kana isu tiinayo yakaiswa.
- Mune terminal, mhando sudo dpkg -i package_name (Zvakakodzera kudhonza terminal kuti usaite zvikanganiso kana zita rakareba).
Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza kucherechedza ndechekuti mazhinji emapakeji aya anotiwedzera kune iyo yepamutemo repository yepurojekiti yekuvandudza mune ramangwana.
Uku ndiko kupera kwegwaro rino ratakakuratidza nzira dzakasiyana dzekuisa mapakeji muUbuntu. Tinovimba unozviwana zvichibatsira.